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1845 - 1916 |
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Russian biologist and Nobel laureate (also named Elie Metchnikoff), a founder of the science of immunity. Born in Kharkiv Oblast (now Ukraine) on May 15, 1845. Educated at the University of Kharkiv and, in Germany, at the Universities of Giessen, Gottingen, and Munich. In 1904 became a subdirector of the Pasteur Institute in Paris. Began his career with studies of the process of intracellular digestion in invertebrates. Later established the destructive effect of certain white blood cells, which he called phagocytes, on harmful materials in the bloodstream. In 1884 announced a theory of phagocytosis, which formed a basis for the theory of immunity. Also advocated consumption of lactic acid bacteria for the prevention and remedy of intestinal putrefaction. For his research on immunity shared the 1908 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with the German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich. Lectured in zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Odessa from 1870 to 1882.
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